Nº 104 · Physics · 45 sec

On the beach the horizon is closer than you think

Black-and-white photo: a flat sandy beach with old wooden posts, behind it the sea and a straight horizon under clouds
Photo: Dietmar Rabich · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Original

Your guess

You're on the beach, your eyes 1.70 m above the sea. How far away is the horizon?

Even higher

369kmis how far you can see from a plane at about 10,700 metres

From the very top of the Burj Khalifa, about 834 metres above the sea, the view reaches 103 kilometres. From an airliner at a typical cruising altitude of about 10,700 metres (35,000 feet) it's 369 kilometres.

The air cheats a little

The calculation ignores the air. In reality you usually see farther: when cold, dense air lies over water or ground, it bends light downward, a little way around the Earth's curve. Over hot ground the opposite happens, as often in deserts – that's when mirages appear.

Sources

Every statement in this discovery is backed by one of these sources and was checked before publication.

  1. Wikipedia: Horizon (accessed 2026-10-07)
  2. Wikipedia: Atmospheric refraction (accessed 2026-10-07)