Nº 001 · Space · 1 min

Why do we always see the same side of the Moon?

The full Moon with its dark plains and bright craters
Photo: Gregory H. Revera · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Original

Slowed down by Earth

27daysfor one orbit – and one turn

Shortly after it formed, the Moon spun much faster. Earth's gravity deformed it and tugged at that bulge. The flexing inside produced heat and slowed the spin – until one turn took exactly as long as one orbit. It has stayed that way ever since.

The far side of the Moon, covered in craters
The side we never see – assembled from images taken by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. Humans first saw it in 1959, in pictures from a Soviet probe.Image: NASA · Public domain · Original

It isn't dark

The far side is often called the "dark side". That's misleading: it gets just as much sunlight. At new moon it is even fully lit – while the side facing us is having its night.

A slight wobble

59%of the Moon's surface can be seen from Earth

It isn't perfectly exact. The Moon's orbit is slightly elliptical, so it moves faster and slower while spinning at a steady pace. This rocking is called libration – and lets us peek a little way around the edges.

Deep dive

The brake works both ways

What Earth did to the Moon, the Moon now does to Earth. Earth's oceans bulge out under its pull – and tug back on the Moon. That creates friction, which slows Earth's spin. As a result, the day gets longer: by a little under 2 milliseconds every 100 years. It sounds like nothing. But precise clocks pick it up within a few centuries – and over hundreds of millions of years it adds up to hours.

Continues in the app

  1. Where the energy goes
  2. The Moon is drifting away
  3. Shells as calendars
  4. One day Earth will be in step too
  5. Pluto and Charon are already there
  6. Mercury: close, but different
  7. Quiz with 3 questions
  8. 3 key points to keep

Sources

Every statement in this discovery is backed by one of these sources and was checked before publication.

  1. NASA Science: Tidal Locking (accessed 2026-10-05)
  2. NASA Science: Earth's Moon: Facts (accessed 2026-10-05)
  3. Wikipedia (German): Libration (accessed 2026-10-05)
  4. Wikipedia: Tidal acceleration (accessed 2026-10-05)
  5. Wikipedia: Tidal locking (accessed 2026-10-05)
  6. Wikipedia: Lunar Laser Ranging experiments (accessed 2026-10-05)
  7. Wikimedia Commons: File:Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg (accessed 2026-10-05)

Image credits

  • “FullMoon2010.jpg”, Gregory H. Revera, CC BY-SA 3.0
  • “Moon farside LRO 5000.jpg”, NASA, Public domain
  • “AS11-40-5952 - Apollo 11 - Apollo 11 Mission image - The Laser Ranging Retroreflector (LRRR) - NARA - 16685293.jpg”, Unknown authorUnknown author or not provided, Public domain
  • “Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg”, NASA / Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory / Southwest Research Institute, Public domain